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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(2): 68-71, mar.-abr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899125

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a avaliação e detecção da hipertensão intracraniana através da ultrassonografia do nervo óptico. Métodos: revisão narrativa da literatura baseado em um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados eletrônicas: PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO e CINAHL, através do uso dos descritores: Intracranial Hypertension. Optic Nerve. Ultrasonography, seus correspondentes em português e suas intersecções. Foram selecionados 27 artigos publicados no período de 1998-2017. Resultados: os artigos indicaram que a ultrassonografia do diâmetro da bainha do nervo óptico (DBNO) é util na detecção da hipertensão intracraniana. Conclusão: O aumento do DBNO é uma alteração com elevada acurácia para diagnosticar o aumento da pressão intracraniana em pacientes críticos.


Abstract Objective: This work had the objective of reviewing the literature on the evaluation and detection of intracranial hypertension through optical nerve ultrasound. Method: literature review based on a bibliographic survey in the electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO and CINAHL, using the following descriptors: Intracranial Hypertension.Optic Nerve. Ultrasonography, its correspondents in Portuguese and their intersections. We selected 27 articles published in the period of 1998-2017. Results: the articles indicated that ultrasonography of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath (ONSD) is useful in the detection of intracranial hypertension. Conclusion: The increase in ONSD is a highly accurate change to diagnose increased intracranial pressure in critically ill patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Pressure/physiology , Intracranial Hypertension/diagnostic imaging , Organ Size , ROC Curve , Ultrasonography , Intracranial Hypertension/etiology , Intracranial Hypertension/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging , Monitoring, Physiologic
2.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 448-431, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984878

ABSTRACT

In the researches of biomechanics for child craniocerebral injury, the research progress of performance parameter detection for brain, skull, cranial suture and dura mater, and the finite element model construction for child's head were reviewed. Meanwhile, the shortcomings of the established finite element model construction of child's head were analyzed. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the material properties parameter detection of child's head, and establish the relevant database, so as to lay the foundation for establishing an accurate finite element model of child's head.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Brain/pathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Finite Element Analysis , Head/pathology , Skull/pathology
3.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 41(2): 149-161, nov. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869740

ABSTRACT

El trauma craneoencefálico severo representa por lo menos la mitad de las muertes relacionadas con trauma, la patofisiología celular y clínica esta extensamente estudiada y documentada, las opciones de monitorización y tratamiento constituyen los paradigmas actualmente para la el progreso en la sobrevida disminuyendo la probabilidad de secuelas, junto con los principios de manejo general que incluyen entre otros el control de la temperatura, tensión arterial, sedación, ventilación, nutrición hacen posible la calidad en la atención de nuestros pacientes.


Severe brain trauma accounts for at least half of the deaths related to trauma, cellular pathophysiology and clinic it is extensively studied and documented , the monitoring and treatment options are currently paradigms for progress in decreasing the likelihood of survival sequels along with general management principles which include among others the temperature control, blood pressure, sedation, ventilation, nutrition enables quality care for our patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intracranial Hypertension/therapy , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Intensive Care Units , Prehospital Care
4.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 41(1): 21-27, jul. 2015. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-836040

ABSTRACT

El trauma craneoencefálico es una de las principales causas de muerte en el mundo, y gran parte de estos se asocian a heridas por arma de fuego en cráneo. Conocer el manejo, las características y fisiopatología de la lesión nos permitirá saber abordar estos casos cuando se presenten a los diferentes centros asistenciales, al tiempo que nos permitirá tener en cuenta las posibles complicaciones, para evitar su aparición y así buscar mejorar la morbilidad por esta causa. Siempre acompañado de un manejo integral que permita abarcar todas las dimensiones afectadas.


Traumatic brain injury is a of the leading causes of death in the world, and many of these are associated with gunshot wounds in the skull. To know management the characteristics and pathophysiology of the lesion will tell as deal with these cases when presented to medical centers, while enabling us to take into account of possible complications, to prevent its occurrence and so try to improve morbidity from this cause. Always accompanied by an integrated management that can encompass all affected dimensions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/cerebrospinal fluid , Craniocerebral Trauma/mortality , Head Injuries, Penetrating/classification , Wounds, Gunshot , Craniotomy , Diagnostic Imaging , Fistula , Intracranial Pressure
5.
Brasília; Ministério da Saúde; maio 2015. 130 p. Livro, ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-772754

ABSTRACT

elaboração das Diretrizes de Atenção à Reabilitação da Pessoacom TCE baseou-se na literatura atualizada sobre o tema. A buscafoi limitada às línguas inglesa, espanhola, francesa e portuguesa. Foirealizada por um grupo de especialistas, de reconhecimento nacionale internacional. A elaboração das diretrizes foi alcançada por meioda discussão dos resultados do levantamento bibliográfico e da trocapresencial do grupo acerca de suas experiências em relação ao TCE...


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Care , Craniocerebral Trauma/classification , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/prevention & control , Craniocerebral Trauma/rehabilitation , Caregivers/education , Delivery of Health Care , Delivery of Health Care , Patient Care Bundles , Patient-Centered Care
6.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 9(1/2): 41-43, jul.-dic.2014. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783431

ABSTRACT

Producto de un traumatismo craneoencefálico un individuo puede perder capacidades mentales previamente adquiridas, una de ellas es la función ejecutiva. Ésta es conceptualizada como un grupo de habilidades mentales que permiten a un ser humano evidenciar un comportamiento eficaz dentro de parámetros socialmente aceptados. Estas habilidades han sido descritas como la inhibición, memoria operativa, flexibilidad mental, regulación emocional, monitorización; entre otras. En el presente artículo se revisa un caso clínico que producto de un traumatismo craneoencefálico frontal presenta un cuadro de alteración de su función ejecutiva. En el análisis del caso se toma en consideración teorías clásicas en la neuropsicología sobre el funcionamiento cerebral que permitirán comprender de forma clara qué sucede actualmente con el paciente...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Executive Function/physiology , Frontal Lobe/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/psychology
7.
Clinics ; 68(9): 1210-1214, set. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687764

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of physiotherapeutic respiratory maneuvers on cerebral and cardiovascular hemodynamics and blood gas variables. METHOD: A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial that included 20 critical patients with severe craniocerebral trauma who were receiving mechanical ventilation and who were admitted to the intensive care unit. Each patient was subjected to the physiotherapeutic maneuvers of vibrocompression and increased manual expiratory flow (5 minutes on each hemithorax), along with subsequent airway suctioning with prior instillation of saline solution, hyperinflation and hyperoxygenation. Variables related to cardiovascular and cerebral hemodynamics and blood gas variables were recorded after each vibrocompression, increased manual expiratory flow and airway suctioning maneuver and 10 minutes after the end of airway suctioning. RESULTS: The hemodynamic and blood gas variables were maintained during vibrocompression and increased manual expiratory flow maneuvers; however, there were increases in mean arterial pressure, intracranial pressure, heart rate, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary pressure during airway suctioning. All of the values returned to baseline 10 minutes after the end of airway suctioning. CONCLUSION: Respiratory physiotherapy can be safely performed on patients with severe craniocerebral trauma. Additional caution must be taken when performing airway suctioning because this technique alters cerebral and cardiovascular hemodynamics, even in sedated and paralyzed patients. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Hemodynamics/physiology , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Blood Gas Analysis , Critical Care , Critical Illness , Craniocerebral Trauma/blood , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Heart Rate/physiology , Longitudinal Studies , Pulmonary Ventilation , Reference Values , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(3): 175-190, jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608818

ABSTRACT

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an important Public Health issue in Chile and the world. It represents a frequent cause of consultation, constituting a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the population under 45 years of age. Accidents are the main reason for TBI among the pediatric population, but child abuse is an important cause in children below 2 y.o. A proper evaluation is essential to develop timely and efficient treatment that avoids or decreases brain damage and eventual complications. For this purpose, it is essential that brain physiology and physiopathological changes triggered by TBI are clear and well known. Current concepts are presented in this paper, emphasizing brain hemodynamics, metabolism, and brain self-regulation.


El traumatismo encefalocraneano (TEC) es un importante problema de salud pública tanto en Chile como en el mundo. Representa un motivo de consulta frecuente constituyendo una de las mayores causas de morbi-mortalidad en la población menor de 45 años. Los accidentes son la principal causa de TEC en la población pediátrica, pero el maltrato infantil es una causa etiológica importante a considerar en los menores de 2 años. Realizar una correcta evaluación al paciente con TEC es fundamental para instaurar un tratamiento oportuno y eficiente con el fin de evitar y/o disminuir el daño cerebral y así prevenir eventuales complicaciones. Para ello es imprescindible el conocimiento de la fisiología cerebral y los cambios fisiopatológicos que se desencadenan posterior al TEC, conceptos que son revisados en este artículo con énfasis en la hemodinamia cerebral, metabolismo y autorregulación cerebral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pediatrics , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/metabolism , Brain Edema , Brain/blood supply , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Homeostasis , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism
9.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 36: 46-54, jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665171

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo revisa la definición de conmoción cerebral asociada al deporte y sus posibles complicaciones. Se muestra el perfil de lesiones del XX Campeonato Panamericano Juvenil de karate, especialmente la frecuencia de traumatismo encéfalo craneano (TEC). Finalmente propone un protocolo de evaluación precompetitiva, examen neurológico en el área de competición y normas para el reintegro a la actividad deportiva post TEC.


This work reviews the definition of sport concussion and it’s complications. The injury profile of the XX Panamerican Karate Junior Championship, especially frequency of head trauma is shown. Finally proposes a protocol of precompetitive evaluation, a neurological exam in the competition area and rules of eincorporation to sport activity after concussion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Young Adult , Martial Arts/injuries , Brain Concussion/history , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/rehabilitation , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy
11.
Acta fisiátrica ; 18(1): 32-37, mar. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-663362

ABSTRACT

Os transtornos sexuais após lesão encefálica traumática são pouco abordados na literatura científica. O impacto na sexualidade dos pacientes, na parceria, na família e na sociedade ainda é pouco compreendido pelos profissionais de reabilitação. Diante disto, fez-se uma revisão da literatura sobre diversos aspectos da sexualidade após trauma de crânio. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a epidemiologia, a etiologia, os diagnósticos, a classificação, as modalidades terapêuticas que vêm sendo adotadas e o prognóstico dos transtornos sexuais de portadores de traumatismo craniano. Realizou-se uma revisão de 39 artigos selecionados nas seguintes bases de dados científicas: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, LILACS e Scielo, usando como descritores: brain Injuries; traumatic brain Injury; sexuality, sexual behavior; sexual dysfunction psychological; sex education; sexual violence, referentes à pacientes maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os gêneros, no período de janeiro1966 a maio 2011, nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa. Alguns artigos e livros de referencia devido à relevância histórica neste assunto foram incluídos. Os autores abordaram os aspectos clínico funcionais, psicológicos e sociais da sexualidade desses indivíduos. Conclusão: a avaliação completa por profissionais capacitados na área de sexualidade é recomendada durante o processo de reabilitação para uma melhor reintegração na sociedade. São necessários mais estudos para delinear as disfunções sexuais apresentadas por esses pacientes e suas parcerias, a fim de desenvolver estratégias de tratamento que contemplem suas necessidades possibilitando melhora no relacionamento, satisfação sexual e conseqüentemente na qualidade de vida.


There is little information in scientific literature concerning sexual disorders after traumatic brain injury. The impact it has on the sexuality of patients, partners, family and society is not yet well understood by professionals inthe rehabilitation field. Hence, a literature review on the various aspects of sexuality after head injury was carried out. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, etiology, diagnoses, classification and therapeutic modalities being used and the prognosis of sexual disorders insurvivors of head injury. Thirty-nine articles published from January 1966to May 2011 in English, Spanish and Portuguese found in the following databases were reviewed: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, LILACS and Scielo. The keywords used were: brain injuries; traumatic brain Injury; sexuality, sexual behavior; psychological sexual dysfunction; sex education; and sexual violence. The subjects studied were individuals aged 18 years or older, of both genders. Some articles and reference books were included because of their historical relevance on this subject. The authors discussed the clinical, functional, psychological and social aspects of sexuality in these individuals. Conclusion: A complete assessment by professionals trained in the area of sexuality is recommended during the rehabilitation process to better reintegrate the individual into society. More studies are necessary to outline the sexual disorders experienced by these patients and their partners inorder to develop treatment strategies that contemplate their needs and therefore enable them to improve their relationship, sexual satisfaction and consequently, quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(4): 567-572, Aug. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555236

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To observe the repercussion of respiratory physiotherapy techniques on the mean arterial pressure (MBP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), jugular venous oxygen pressure (PjvO2) and jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2). METHOD: The sample consisted of 20 patients with head trauma. The protocol consisted of physiotherapy techniques application of vibrocompression (VBC), expiratory flow increase (EFI) and suction. RESULTS: The results show the maintenance on variables of cerebral hemodynamics during the techniques of VBC and EFI. However, in relation to suction, there was an increase of MBP, ICP, with maintenance of CPP, PjvO2 and SjvO2 and return to baseline of MBP and ICP 10 minutes after the end of suction. CONCLUSION: The respiratory physiotherapy techniques (VBC, EFI) do not promote cerebral hemodynamic repercussion, unlike suction, in severe head injury patients, mechanically ventilated, sedated and paralyzed.


OBJETIVO: Observar a repercussão das técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória na pressão arterial média (PAM), pressão intracraniana (PIC), pressão de perfusão cerebral (PPC), pressão venosa jugular de oxigênio (PjO2) e saturação venosa jugular de oxigênio (SjO2). MÉTODO: Foram incluídos no estudo 20 pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico. O protocolo consistiu na aplicação das manobras fisioterapêuticas de vibrocompressão (VBC), aumento de fluxo expiratório (AFE) e aspiração (ASP). RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram a manutenção das variáveis da hemodinâmica cerebral durante as manobras de VBC e AFE. Porém, em relação à ASP, houve uma elevação da PAM e PIC, com manutenção da PPC, PjO2 e SjO2 e retorno aos valores basais da PAM e PIC dez minutos após o final da aspiração. CONCLUSÃO: As manobras de fisioterapia respiratória (VBC, AFE) não promovem alterações sobre a hemodinâmica cerebral, ao contrário da ASP traqueal, em pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico grave, em ventilação mecânica, sedados e curarizados.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Pressure/physiology , Brain/blood supply , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Intracranial Pressure/physiology , Jugular Veins/physiology , Oxygen/blood , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Valsalva Maneuver
13.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 86(1): 73-79, jan.-fev. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-542906

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar fatores associados à ocorrência de hipertensão intracraniana em pacientes pediátricos vítimas de traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) grave. Métodos: Coorte com coleta retrospectiva do período de 1998 a 2003. Incluídos pacientes entre 0 e 16 anos com TCE, pontuação < 9 na escala de Glasgow e submetidos a monitoração da pressão intracraniana (PIC) (n = 132). A hipertensão intracraniana (HIC) foi definida como episódio de PIC > 20 mmHg com necessidade de tratamento e HIC refratária, acima de 25 mmHg, com necessidade de coma barbitúrico ou craniectomia descompressiva. Foi realizada análise univariada, seguida de multivariada, sendo consideradas significativas as variáveis com p < 0,05. Resultados: A idade variou entres 2 meses e 16 anos, mediana de 9,7 (6,0-2,3) anos. A pontuação de Glasgow foi de 3 a 8, mediana de 6 (4-7). O trânsito respondeu por 79,5 por cento dos eventos. A instalação do monitor ocorreu, em média, 14 h após o trauma, mediana de 24 h. Cento e três pacientes (78 por cento) apresentaram HIC, e 57 (43,2 por cento), HIC refratária. Na análise multivariada, a menor faixa etária foi associada a HIC risco relativo = 1,67 (1,03-2,72); p = 0,037, e a presença de posturas anormais foi associada a HIC refratária risco relativo = 2,25 (1,06-4,78). A mortalidade do grupo foi de 51,5 por cento e foi relacionada a uso de barbitúrico na HIC refratária e a baixa pressão de perfusão encefálica na unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusões: HIC e HIC refratária foram eventos frequentes em pacientes pediátricos com TCE grave. Quanto menor a idade do paciente, maior a chance de desenvolvimento de HIC. A presença de posturas anormais foi fator associado a maior ocorrência de HIC refratária.


Objective: To analyze factors associated with intracranial hypertension in pediatric patients who suffered severe head injuries. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, with data collected from September 1998 through August 2003, including patients aged 0 to 16 who suffered severe head injuries, Glasgow score < 9, and submitted to intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring (n = 132). Intracranial hypertension (IH) was defined as an episode of ICP > 20 mmHg requiring treatment, while refractory IH was ICP over 25 mmHg requiring barbiturates or decompressive craniectomy. Univariate analysis was followed by multivariate analysis; variables were considered significant if p < 0.05. Results: Ages ranged from 2 months to 16 years, median age 9.7 (6.0-2.3) years. Glasgow scores ranged from 3 to 8, median 6 (4-7). Traffic accidents were responsible for 79.5 percent of events. Monitoring devices were installed, on average, 14 hours after trauma, median time 24 hours. One hundred and three patients (78 percent) had IH, while 57 (43.2 percent) had refractory IH. In multivariate analysis, younger age ranges were associated with IH relative risk = 1.67 (1.03-2.72); p = 0.037, and abnormal postures were associated with refractory IH relative risk = 2.25 (1.06-4.78). The group mortality rate was 51.5 percent; it was correlated with use of barbiturates in refractory IH and low cerebral perfusion pressure at the intensive care unit. Conclusions: IH and refractory IH were frequent events in pediatric patients who suffered severe head injuries. The younger the patient, the greater the chance of developing IH. The presence of abnormal postures was found to be a risk factor for refractory IH.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Intracranial Hypertension/etiology , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Intracranial Hypertension/epidemiology , Posture/physiology
15.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 4(2): 127-137, dic. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-561806

ABSTRACT

Las funciones cognitivas, entre ellas las ejecutivas (FE), después de un traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) presentan alteraciones, que afecta la vida cotidiana de los pacientes. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar las funciones ejecutivas de pacientes adultos con TCE moderado y severo, para conocer las características neuropsicológicas distintivas de la intensidad de la lesión. Participaron 26 pacientes, 10 con TCE Moderado (edad=34.80+/-14.45; escolaridad=15.20+/-2.525 años); y 16 con TCE Severo (edad=32.17+/-9.42; escolaridad= 12.11+/-4.15 años), pareados por edad y escolaridad con un grupo control sano. Evaluados individualmente con la Batería de Funciones Ejecutivas y Frontales(Flores, Ostrosky-Solís y Lozano, 2008). Los resultados indican que los pacientes con TCE presentan principalmente problemas en el WCST, torre de Hanoi, la Iowa Gambling Task, memoria de trabajo, y habilidades semánticas. Además muestran compromiso en la velocidad del procesamiento de información, comete errores perseverativos, y dificultades en la flexibilidad mental. Los resultados sugieren mayor afección en tareas de la corteza prefrontal dorso lateral. Estos datos permitirán diseñar e implementar programas dedicados a la intervención cognitiva enfocados la mejoría de las FE.


Cognitive functions including executive functions (FE) are affected following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), diminished patient’s daily life. The purpose of the present study was measuring EF of adult moderate and severe TBI patients, and knows the neuropsychological profile related with lesion intensity. Participated 26 patients, divided in 10 with Moderate TBI (age=34.80+/-14.45; education= 15.20+/-2.525 years); and 16 with Severe TBI (age=32.17+/-9.42; education= 12.11+/-4.15 years), matched by age and level of education with a healthy control group. Participants were individually assessing with the Executive Function and Frontal Lobes Neuropsychological Battery (Flores, Ostrosky-Solís y Lozano, 2008). Results show that TBI patients mainly had problems in resolve the WCST, Hanoi Tower, Iowa Gambling Task, working memory and in process semantic information. At the same time shows decreased time in processing information, perseverations,intrusions, and less mental flexibility. Data suggest a major affection on dorso lateral prefrontal cortex tasks. This data would help to design rehabilitation programs to cognitive intervention focused on EF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Executive Function/physiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/psychology , Age and Sex Distribution , Analysis of Variance , Anxiety/etiology , Depression/etiology , Educational Status , Neuropsychological Tests , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology
16.
Rev. venez. cir ; 62(2): 94-96, jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548724

ABSTRACT

Exponer la experiencia en el manejo del trauma hepático con clampeamiento prolongado, en el Servicio de Cirugía Uno. Hospital General del Este "Dr. Domingo Luciani". Paciente masculino de 28 años que ingresa a la Unidad de Politraumatizados (UPT) posterior a accidente en motocicleta. Hemodinámicamente estable, examen físico, tórax: murmullo vesicular disminuido en base derecha y abdomen; signos de irritación peritoneal, Rx de tórax hemoneumotórax y fractura del tercero al séptimo arcos costales derechos; toracotomía mínima que drena abundante burbujeo y 500 cc serohemático, FAST: moderada cantidad de líquido libre. Se realiza laparotomía exploradora con hallazgos de: hemoperitoneo 3000cc y lesión hepática grado IV; se realiza primera fase de control de daños, con clampeamiento y empaquetamiento hepático como estrategia para el control de la hemorragia; y cierre abreviado. Segunda fase de control de daños en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) durante 48 horas, posterior a lo cual, se realiza tercera fase de control de daños, con hallazgos de ausencia de hemoperitoneo, 100cc de secreción biliar, lesión en segmento VIII hepático no sangrante. Se retiran comprensas y clamps hemostático lavado, drenaje de cavidad y cierre con puntos de tensión. Evoluciona satisfactoriamente, egresando de la UTI, complicado con fístula biliar resuelta con papilotomía electiva en el postoperatorio tardio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Hemoperitoneum/etiology , Liver/injuries , Laparotomy/methods , Motorcycles , Radiography/methods , Abdominal Injuries/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Accidents, Traffic , Cholecystography , Rib Fractures/diagnosis , Hemorrhage/diagnosis
18.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2007 Jul; 38(4): 761-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-34334

ABSTRACT

This is a descriptive study that evaluates the quality of live (QOL) of road accident head-injured patients after craniotomy. It investigates the relationship between the independent variables of demographic data, health, and social and economics and four aspects of participants' QOL, satisfaction, perception, health, and social and economics. The ninety participants in the study were patients with head injuries resulting from involvement in road accidents who were attending a neurological clinic at Sapasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Data was collected by participants completing a questionnaire. Results showed most participants had high QOL after craniotomy in satisfaction, life perception, health, and social and economics. There were negative relationships between QOL and duration of hospital stay, medical complications, and levels of disability. The study indicates the need for efficient postoperative care of head-injured patients to return them quickly to their daily lives.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic , Activities of Daily Living , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniotomy/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Quality of Life/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sickness Impact Profile , Thailand
19.
Rev. chil. med. intensiv ; 22(4): 241-247, 2007. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-520454

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Realizar un perfil clínico - epidemiológico de los pacientes ingresados a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de Adultos del Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena de Temuco entre los años 2002 y 2005 con diagnóstico de traumatismo encefalocraneano (TEC) grave, a quienes se les realizó monitorización de presión intracraneana. Material y método: Revisión retrospectiva del 100 por ciento de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de TEC grave ingresados a UCI Adultos, de los cuales 44 fueron monitorizados. Resultados: Se trata de pacientes jóvenes, predominantemente varones, con una media de edad de 36,5 años (1 DS = 14,98), en quienes las caídas de altura y a nivel fueron la principal causa de TEC. El 61,3% de los pacientes resultaron con un traumatismo cerrado. Se realizó una TAC de encéfalo sin contraste, al ingreso, la que reveló en el 38,6% de los casos un hematoma subdural (HSD) agudo como patología principal. A su ingreso a la Unidad de Emergencia el 43,1% de los pacientes tuvo evidencia clínica de consumo de alcohol, en una gama que incluye desde aliento etílico hasta ebriedad manifiesta. El 81,8 por ciento fue monitorizado con captor subdural. La media de estadía en UCI de 10,86 días (1 DS = 10,39). El 52,2% de los pacientes falleció durante su estadía hospitalaria, atribuyéndose como causa de muerte al TEC o a sus consecuencias en el 69,5% de los casos. Conclusiones: El TEC grave sigue siendo una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en población joven, esto a pesar del adecuado manejo neurointensivo en nuestro centro. Perfil del paciente similar al documentado en literatura nacional, con algunas diferencias con respecto a las publicaciones internacionales.


Aim: Clinical-epidemiological profile of patients admitted in Temuco's Hospital Adult Intensive Care Unit with diagnosis of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracranial pressure monitoring, between 2002 and 2005. Methods: Retrospective review of 100 percent of clinical histories of patients with diagnosis of severe TBI admitted in ICU, 44 of them were monitorized during the hospitalization in ICU. Results: They are young patients, men most of them. The average of age was 36,5 years (1 SD = 14,98). Falls were the principal cause of severe TBI; 61,3% of patients resulted with a closed traumatism. The CT shown in 36,8% of the cases an acute subdural haematoma like principal patology. At the Emergency Unit, 43,1% had clinical evidence of consume of alcohol; 81,8% of patients where monitorized with a subdural cateter. The patients stayed in ICU an average of 10,86 days (1 SD = 10,39). 52,2% of patients died during their hospitalization; 69,5% of them due to the TBI or its consequencies. Conclusions: Severe TBI continues being an important cause of morbidity and mortality in young population, despite the adequate neurointensive management in our center. Patient's profile is similar from other national studies with some differences with international literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Intracranial Pressure/physiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Age and Sex Distribution , Chile , Critical Care , Monitoring, Physiologic , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/mortality
20.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 17(3): 98-105, jul. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-437986

ABSTRACT

El traumatismo encéfalocraneano continúa siendo la primera causa de muerte y discapacidad en la población de menos de 45 años de edad. Los datos obtenidos del Traumatic Coma Data Bank (TCDB), señalan que las cifras de malos resultados asociadas al TEC grave (pacientes que fallecen, que quedan en estado vegetativo o gravemente incapacitados), se acercan al 60 por ciento de los casos en los inicios de la década de los noventa. Su elevado índice de mortalidad, las prolongadas hospitalizaciones y las graves secuelas resultantes, hacen que el TEC constituya uno de los problemas socioeconómicos más importantes del momento actual. En los últimos años se han producido avances muy significativos tanto en el conocimiento de los mecanismos básicos del TEC como en su fisiopatología. Los nuevos conocimientos fisiopatológicos han permitido individualizar y racionalizar las medidas terapéuticas y han contribuido a mejorar el resultado final de estos pacientes. Por su gran interés práctico, y dado que la gran mayoría de estos enfermos son inicialmente atendidos por médicos de urgencia, cirujanos generales o internistas; parece recomendable explicitar cómo realizar una correcta evaluación neurológica en todo paciente que ha presentado un TEC, así como también exponer los mecanismos etiopatogénicos básicos involucrados en la génesis y evolución de las lesiones neurotraumáticas; y presentar los diferentes tipos de lesiones cerebrales de acuerdo con sus características radiológicas (lesiones focales y difusas), para finalmente diferenciar entre lesiones primarias, secundarias y terciarias, lo que nos permitirá comprender los fenómenos que tienen lugar en el momento del traumatismo, los que se añaden posteriormente y los que resultan de la acción de toda una serie de cascadas metabólicas anómalas que se desencadenan en este tipo de pacientes neurocríticos. En una mirada breve y actualizada del manejo del TEC, todavía persisten algunas sombras por aclarar, aunque las revisiones si...


Subject(s)
Humans , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Glasgow Coma Scale/statistics & numerical data , Glasgow Coma Scale/trends , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/classification , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy
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